Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease and flour a 9-inch round cake pan.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and ground cinnamon. Set aside.
In a large bowl, beat the softened butter and granulated sugar together until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes.
Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition.
Mix in the vanilla extract.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients in three additions, alternating with the sour cream, beginning and ending with the dry ingredients. Mix until just combined.
Fold in the diced apples gently until evenly distributed.
Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan and smooth the top with a spatula.
Bake for 50 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Remove the cake from the oven and allow it to cool in the pan for 10 minutes.
Turn the cake out onto a wire rack to cool completely before serving.