Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease and flour a 9-inch round cake pan.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a large bowl, cream the softened unsalted butter and granulated sugar together until light and fluffy, about 3-4 minutes.
Add the eggs one at a time to the butter and sugar mixture, beating well after each addition.
Mix in the vanilla extract.
Stir in the mashed bananas and buttermilk until combined.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing until just combined. Do not overmix.
Fold in the semisweet chocolate chips evenly throughout the batter.
Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan and smooth the top with a spatula.
Bake in the preheated oven for 40-45 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Remove the cake from the oven and let it cool in the pan for 10 minutes.
Transfer the cake to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.